The ultimate goal of any state or public organization is to function in such a way that seeks to act in the public interest and, consequently, result in the general public consent. Since this is reflected by the manners of conduct and performance of organizations’ employees towards people and clients under the title of Organizational Stewardship, it is important to identify the factors that affect such a conduct to be realized within organizations This paper, which is based on a quantitative research methodology, attempted to study the factors that affected organizational SERVING to be developed within the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of this study consisted of all the employees working in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, i.e.780 individuals, 256 of whom were chosen as the participants using the Stratified Random Sampling method and Cochran’s Formula. Data were collected using the designed questionnaire, and were analyzed through conducting the Structural Equation Test and a factor analysis in LISREL software. The results verified the hypotheses, and finally, it was suggested that employee awareness of the motivating factors, the existence of a SERVING attitude and of an appropriate milieu for organizational SERVING, and ultimately, reinforcing such CONDUCTS with the help of a servant leader and local demanding play an important role towards the development of an organizational SERVING attitude.

The first and the most dominant function of the law is to regulate the conduct and private behavior in social life through legal commands. The choice at the rulemaking stage to frame a law command either as a rule (ex ante, limited-factor liability determinants) or as a standard (ex post, multi-factor liability determinants) does have implications for the efficient enforcement of law, given that rule-like and standard-like commands imply different sets of costs and benefits for the enforcement authority. Uniform rules limit arbitrary or partisan actions by election supervisors, canvassing boards, courts, and other decision-makers. At the same time, mechanical rules ignore important factors and can lead to the suppression of fundamental political rights. More flexible standards give decision-makers the discretion to protect political participation in particular contexts, but this discretion may also allow a decision-maker’s biases to enter the political process. The idea of a pure dualism between rules and standards is too simplistic; rather a continuum of intermediate commands exists. Therefore, there should be the possibility to detect an optimal degree of differentiation of law between the two extremes of rules and standards based on the general aims and function of the law and practical preferences. The paper investigates whether it is possible to assess such optimum and what are the determinants of it. At last, the paper concludes that it is impossible to prefer rule on standards or vice versa rather there would be a need for case by case evaluation to explore which rules or standards are likely to be preferable.

In line with the passage of time and advancement of science and technology, there have been changes in individuals’ social relations in different societies which are easily observable. Changes in ideals and wishes, needs and expectations of individuals have influenced on social institutions and were also influenced by the transformation of these institutions. Family, too, as the basic institution in any society, is not an exception and is transforming. Unquestionably, changes in role and status of family will be observable in the society and its functions. One of the most significant of these changes in the recent decades was in marriage. This paper is to study the social changes in marriage in Iran and the role and function of government and the related institutions.

The theory of SERVING leadership is a worthwhile model of leadership and management in current century. Managers having SERVING qualities can benefit organizational trust, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior’s (OCB’s), performance, empowerment, organizational loyalty and create commitment and happiness at work.This article attempts according to research literature and qualifications presented by different authors to evaluate SERVING characteristics of managers based on examples of managers and employees in public organizations. The results of the research indicate that the average scores of all SERVING qualities are low. There are, also, significant differences between managers and employees perception of SERVING qualities.

Our country as a young country is facing a phenomenon called military service which many young people and individuals consider it as a problem ahead. Since a significant age range of boys or men is subjected to military service, investigating and analyzing this period is of particular importance. In terms of functionalism, any phenomenon in the community is functional. In general, they consider the society to be a military arrangement. The aim of this study is to assess the social functions of military service for soldiers. In this study, it is attempted to investigate military service functions using interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The data is collected through interviews with twenty soldiers from all branches of education, different grades and different units. Interviews were conducted by one of the authors in the context of the phenomenon. Analysis of interviews identified 14 sub-categories, two main categories of personal and social functions and social opportunities as a core category. Results show that military service period enjoys personal and social functions for young soldiers. Personal consequences could include independency of young people, physical and mental health, punctuality, self-esteem, elimination of inappropriate individual characteristics and family appreciation. Also, the social functions include social responsibility, cooperation and solidarity, increased religiosity, social cohesion, social protection, social control, social identity and defense of the country.

Man's belief in himself plays an essential part in his moral CONDUCTS. On this basis, this paper tries to explain the principles for one's true understanding of oneself. As is understood here, belief in the dignity of human soul and belief in the depended existence of human being can be regarded as two main principles needed for a true comprehension of man. Relying on the two principles, one can attain a true conception of one's attitude toward oneself and approve his or her CONDUCTS. Needless to say, there is a bidirectional relation between awareness of the dignity of human soul and moral conduct. More permanent the latter, more perfect the former and viceversa.

The main purpose of the survey is examining the ethical CONDUCTS between athlete and non-athlete females. Among specific objectives, the difference between these two groups in punishment and obedience, instrumental and relatively interpersonal concordance, respect to law and order, social contract, and universal ethical principle variables have been examined. The random sampling method of survey was implied and 60 female athlete students aged 19-30 among member of university teams with at least 5 year - club activities were selected. Also, 60 female non-athlete students aged 19-30 who have had no sports activities were selected. In this survey, these two groups of athlete and non-athlete students were compared. The researcher found no significant differences between these two groups with regard to punishment and obedience, instrumental and relatively interpersonal concordance, respect to social contacts, respect to law and order. But there was a significant difference indicating that non-athletes have superiority than athletes to variable of universal ethical principle.